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Human Variation in High-Altitude

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H igh-altitude environments have adverse effects on humans and the way their bodies function normally. The change in the barometric pressure causes a decrease in the amount of oxygen and can lead to hypobaric hypoxia which is an imbalance of oxygen availability to the tissue and can cause severe psychological and physiological dysfunction  in humans. Sustained exposure to hypoxia can have very negative effects on body weight, muscle structure, exercise capacity, mental functioning, and sleep quality. Long exposure to high-altitude can lead to a decrease in muscle fiber density. It can also cause diaphragm and abdominal muscle contractile fatigue and can result in limitations in exercise high-altitude. High-altitude of over 3,000 m will produce physiological disorders and changes in moods as well as cognitive and motor performance. High-altitude can also affect anxiety and mental efficiency as well as short-term memory. Being at high-altitudes will reduce the amount of ox...

Spoken vs Body Language

Part One I am a very vocal person and I love talking, I am always finding my way into conversations. Not speaking at all was very difficult for me I felt frustrated because I wanted to be involved in the conversation. Just sitting there and not speaking felt like I was being useless and I felt like I was the brick wall. At first it wasn’t too hard because I asked my partner to tell me about something that happened to them recently so in a normal situation I would have probably just sat there and listened for the most part with little commentary. The part that got difficult was when my partner had finished their story and we still had time left in the fifteen minute conversation. At that point it became very awkward and it was hard for a new topic to be brought up. I had so many things going through my head that I felt would have been a good transition, but of course I couldn’t speak. At first there was no difference in the way my partner communicated with me but then he had to alte...

Piltdown Hoax

In 1913 a man by the name Charles Dawson who was an amateur archeologist, thought he had found the “missing link” between man and ape when he had found a human like skull in Pleistocene gravel beds near Piltdown village in Sussex, England. Dawson then started working with a man named Smith Woodward and they started making many discoveries together. In the same area they found pieces of a skull, jawbone, teeth, and primitive tools to which they said belonged to the same individual. When they placed everything together they had come to the conclusion that this was from a human ancestor from over 500,000 years prior. They had announced this discovery in 1912 at the Geological Society meeting, and their story was believed by the people. In 1949 things began to look a little different, new technology allowed them to see that the remains were actually only from 50,000 years prior which eliminated the possibility that it was the missing link between human and ape because at this point in ti...

Homologous and Analogous, Can You Figure Out the Difference?

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The two species I chose to compare for homologous traits are a human and a dog. Humans stand on two legs and walk upright while dogs walk and all four of their limbs and their spine is not developed in the same way human spines are that give them the ability to walk and stand straight up and down. Humans and dogs are both part of the mammalian species and both possess the homologous trait of a tailbone. Although humans and dogs both have the tailbone trait, there is a clear difference on its function for either species. Human tailbones are immobile and do not usually extend out of their body. Dog tailbones extend out and it allows them to wag their tails. Human tailbones are called vestigial tails and it means that they are an “evolutionary leftover”. The animals ancestors of humans and dogs are believed by scientists to have tails and the reason is because animals that walked on four legs were in need of an extended tailbone to serve as a structure of balance, to brush ...

Charles Darwin and Charles Lyell

I believe Charles Lyell has the most influence over Darwin’s development in a positive way. To begin Charles Lyell theorized that geologic processes at the beginning of time were the same ones that were happening during current time. He said that there was a series of slow changes that eventually built up over time. This is how he influenced Darwin, Darwin thought that the life process was the same as Lyell’s geologic process theory. Another reason he had a positive impact on Darwin’s theory was because Lyell had a good friendship with a captain named Fitzroy was was the pilot of the HMS Beagle when Darwin was sailing to the Galapagos. Fitzroy was the one who introduced Lyell’s theories to Darwin and this led Darwin to study all of Lyell’s geologic theories. The slow changed of time Lyell theorized then became the explanation for Darwin’s evolution theory. The one bullet point that most correlates with Lyell is the one that says if the environment changes, the traits that are helpf...